Understanding Contraception

Contraception, also known as birth control, allows you to prevent pregnancy and choose if or when you'd like to start a family. With a wide range of contraceptive methods available, the best option depends on your health, lifestyle and future pregnancy plans.

What is contraception?

Contraception refers to methods used to prevent pregnancy. Different types of contraception work in different ways. Some use hormones to stop ovulation, while others prevent sperm from reaching an egg or stop fertilisation from taking place.

Contraceptive methods vary in how they're used, how long they last and how effective they are when used correctly. Some methods also offer additional health benefits, such as helping to manage heavy periods, painful periods or acne.

No method is right for everyone, so choosing contraception should take into account your age, medical history, lifestyle and personal preferences.

Blister pack of contraceptive pills laid flat on a yellow background

What are the different types of contraception?

There are several types of contraception available, including:

  • Combined contraceptive pill
  • Progesterone-only pill (mini pill)
  • Contraceptive patch
  • Vaginal ring
  • Contraceptive injection
  • Contraceptive implant
  • Hormonal coil (IUS)
  • Copper coil (IUD)
  • Male and female condoms
  • Emergency contraception
  • Natural family planning methods
  • Sterilisation

Some methods need to be taken daily, while others can last for several years before needing replacement.

Which contraception is right for me?

The most suitable contraception depends on several factors, including:

  • Your age
  • Whether you smoke
  • Existing medical conditions
  • Current medications
  • Whether you're breastfeeding
  • Whether you plan to become pregnant in the future
  • Whether you want protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs)

Condoms are the only contraceptive method that also help reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.

If you're unsure which method is best for you, speaking with a clinician can help you understand the benefits and potential side effects of each option.

Close-up of a hand holding a blister pack of the morning-after pill

What are the side effects of contraception?

Like all medicines, hormonal contraception can cause side effects, although many people experience few or none.

Possible side effects include:

  • Headaches
  • Nausea
  • Breast tenderness
  • Mood changes
  • Irregular bleeding
  • Changes to your periods
  • Acne improvements or flare-ups

Many side effects improve within the first few months of starting a new contraceptive method. If symptoms continue or become troublesome, it's worth discussing alternative options with a clinician.

Emergency contraception

Emergency contraception can help prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or if your usual contraception has failed, for example if you've missed contraceptive pills or a condom has split.

Emergency contraception is most effective when used as soon as possible after unprotected sex. Depending on your circumstances, this may involve emergency contraceptive pills or fitting a copper coil.

If you think you may need emergency contraception, seek medical advice promptly.

Frequently asked questions

Long-acting reversible contraception, including implants and intrauterine devices (coils), is among the most effective forms of contraception. However, the right choice depends on your individual circumstances.

Yes. If your current contraception isn't working well for you or you're experiencing side effects, a clinician can discuss alternative options.

Most contraceptive methods only prevent pregnancy. Condoms are the only method that also help reduce the risk of sexually transmitted infections.

The advice depends on the type of pill you're taking and how many pills you've missed. You may need to use additional contraception or consider emergency contraception. If you're unsure, speak to a clinician promptly.

Yes. A clinician can assess your medical history, discuss suitable contraceptive options and, where clinically appropriate, provide a prescription or advise on the next steps.

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