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Back Pain: Causes, Treatment, and Prevention

Back pain is a common issue that can affect anyone at any age. It’s particularly prevalent in the lower back (known as lumbago), but discomfort can occur anywhere between the neck and hips. While most cases of back pain improve within a few weeks, some people experience recurring symptoms that can disrupt their daily lives.

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What causes back pain?

Back pain often doesn’t have an obvious cause, but it’s usually related to an injury or strain in the muscles, ligaments, or joints surrounding the spine. For example, lifting heavy objects incorrectly or making awkward movements can lead to sprains or strains.

This type of back pain often changes with movement:

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Pain may ease when you lie down

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Discomfort may worsen with certain movements or positions

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Stress or fatigue can sometimes make symptoms feel worse

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Medical conditions that can cause back pain

Sometimes back pain is linked to an underlying condition, which may cause additional symptoms. These include:

  • Slipped disc – when a disc in the spine presses on nearby nerves, leading to pain, numbness, or tingling.
  • Sciatica – irritation of the sciatic nerve, which runs from the lower back to the feet.
  • Ankylosing spondylitis – inflammation of the spine’s joints, often causing stiffness, especially in the morning.
  • Spondylolisthesis – when a bone in the spine slips out of place.

In rare cases, back pain may be due to a broken spinal bone or an infection, such as a kidney infection. It’s important to note that back pain alone is rarely a sign of cancer.

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When to seek immediate medical attention

Contact a doctor immediately if you experience:

  • Numbness or tingling around the genitals or buttocks.
  • Difficulty urinating or incontinence.
  • Weakness or unsteadiness when walking.These symptoms may indicate a serious condition requiring urgent care.

How is back pain treated?

Most mild cases of back pain can be managed at home with self-care. Here’s what you can do:

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Stay Active

Avoid sitting or lying down for long periods, as this can make the pain worse. Gentle activities like walking, swimming, yoga, and Pilates can help.

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Try Pain Relief

Over-the-counter painkillers, such as ibuprofen or paracetamol, can ease discomfort. For those unable to take anti-inflammatory medication, a pharmacist may recommend codeine (used only for a few days at a time). Hot and cold packs may also help.

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Stretch and Exercise

Simple stretches and exercises can strengthen the back and promote healing.

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When to see a doctor

If your back pain persists for more than a few weeks, worsens, or starts affecting your quality of life, consult a doctor or Advanced Clinical Practitioner (ACP). They can create a personalized treatment plan, which might include:

  • Specialist Therapies: Group exercise classes, manual therapy (e.g., massage), or psychotherapy to help with pain management.
  • Prescription Treatments: For more severe or persistent cases, your doctor may recommend stronger medications or tailored therapies.
  • Surgery: In rare cases, surgery may be necessary to address the underlying cause of the pain.

You can book an online consultation with a doctor or ACP at Doctor Care Anywhere for expert advice and support tailored to your symptoms.

How can I prevent back pain?

Preventing back pain starts with maintaining a healthy, active lifestyle. Simple habits and changes can make a big difference:

  • Stay Active: Aim for at least 150 minutes of exercise a week, including stretching and strengthening exercises.
  • Maintain Good Posture: Whether sitting, standing, or exercising, ensure your posture supports your back.
  • Choose the Right Mattress: Sleep on a supportive mattress that keeps your spine aligned.
  • Lift Safely: Always bend at your knees, not your back, when lifting heavy objects.
  • Maintain a Healthy Weight: Extra weight can strain your back, so a balanced diet and regular exercise are key.

By following these steps, you can reduce the risk of back pain and keep your back strong and healthy.