Viral Infections: causes, symptoms, and how to treat them
Viral infections are behind many common illnesses, such as the common cold. Unlike bacterial infections, viral infections don’t respond to antibiotics. Fortunately, most viral infections resolve on their own within days or weeks. Respiratory tract infections (RTIs), which affect the nose, throat, sinuses, airways, and lungs, are some of the most frequent types of viral infections.
What is a viral infection?
A viral infection occurs when a virus—a microscopic organism—enters the body, invades healthy cells, and uses them to reproduce. This process can disrupt the normal function of your cells and trigger symptoms of illness.
If you have a strong immune system, your body can usually fight off a viral infection. Often, your immune system will “remember” the virus, granting you immunity to it in the future. However, some viruses remain in your body long-term, causing periodic flare-ups of symptoms over time.
Antibiotics are ineffective against viruses. While antiviral medications may help control some viral infections, they don’t cure them outright but instead reduce symptom severity or slow the virus’s activity.
Common cold
Managing viral infections & when to seek help
Viral infections typically don’t require prescription medication unless symptoms are severe or complications arise. To manage mild symptoms at home, you can:
- Take over-the-counter painkillers, such as ibuprofen or paracetamol.
- Use cough syrups or throat lozenges to relieve sore throats or coughing.
- Stay hydrated and rest.
Seek medical advice if:
- Your symptoms persist for more than two weeks.
- Your symptoms worsen or are very severe.
- You suspect pneumonia.
Pneumonia may require antibiotics (if bacterial) or hospital care in severe cases.
Practice good hygiene
Wash your hands regularly and clean communal surfaces frequently.
This annual vaccine is free for pregnant women, those over 65, and individuals with certain health conditions.