Contraception:
Your guide to preventing pregnancy and STIs

Contraception is used by sexually active individuals to prevent pregnancy, with some methods also protecting against sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Choosing the right contraceptive is an important decision, and it’s essential to understand the options available to you.

Emergency contraception

Emergency contraception is a backup method to prevent pregnancy after unprotected sex or contraceptive failure. It should be used within 3-5 days (72-120 hours) after sex for it to be effective.

There are two main types of emergency contraception:

Emergency contraceptive pill (commonly known as the “morning after pill”)

Intrauterine Device (IUD) or “coil,” which can be fitted by a healthcare professional

Contraceptive pills

One of the most popular forms of regular contraception is the contraceptive pill (often called “the pill”). It’s a small tablet taken daily to prevent pregnancy. There are two main types:

Combined pill: Contains synthetic versions of oestrogen and progesterone. It’s typically taken every day for 21 days, followed by a 7-day break.

Progestogen-only pill (also known as the “mini-pill”): Contains only synthetic progesterone and needs to be taken every day without any breaks.

Alternatively, there are other options that work similarly to the pill:

Contraceptive patch: A small patch worn on the skin that releases hormones.

Contraceptive vaginal ring: A flexible ring placed inside the vagina that also releases synthetic hormones.

Long-Acting Reversible Contraception (LARC)

Long-acting reversible contraception (LARC) provides effective contraception for extended periods without the need for daily maintenance.

Intrauterine Device (IUD):

A small device inserted into the womb that releases copper to prevent pregnancy. It can stay in place for 5 to 10 years.

Intrauterine System (IUS):

Similar to the IUD, but it releases synthetic progesterone instead of copper. It lasts for 3 to 5 years.

Contraceptive Implant:

A small rod placed under the skin of the arm, releasing synthetic progesterone. It can remain in place for up to 3 years.

Contraceptive Injection:

An injection of synthetic progesterone that prevents pregnancy for 8 to 13 weeks.

Condoms, caps & diaphragms

For those who prefer non-hormonal options, condoms, caps, and diaphragms are reliable choices:

Condoms: Male condoms are placed over the penis, and female condoms are inserted into the vagina. Both help prevent pregnancy and STIs, but male condoms are generally more effective.
Diaphragm or Cap: A soft, flexible device inserted into the vagina to cover the cervix and prevent sperm from entering the womb. While effective at preventing pregnancy, diaphragms and caps do not protect against STIs.

Pregnancy support and options

If you think you may be pregnant, taking a test is the first step. Once you’ve confirmed your pregnancy, you can visit a GP or midwife to begin antenatal care.

If you decide you don’t want to continue with the pregnancy, there are medical options available, such as medication or minor surgery. It's important to talk to your doctor to discuss your options and receive the support you need.

Contraception:Your guide to preventing pregnancy and STIs