What are Cold Sores? Causes, symptoms, and treatment explained
What are cold sores?
Cold sores are small blisters or clusters of blisters that commonly appear on or around the lips and mouth. They are caused by the herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) and typically clear up on their own within 7 to 10 days.
The first sign of a cold sore is often a tingling, itching, or burning sensation around the affected area. While cold sores usually don’t require medical attention, there are treatments available to ease discomfort and speed up healing.
What causes cold sores?
Certain factors can trigger cold sores, including:
HSV-1 can also spread through oral sex if the other person has
genital herpes.
How are cold sores treated?
Most people can self-diagnose and manage cold sores at home without medical advice. Typical symptoms include a tingling sensation followed by the appearance of one or more blisters, which eventually burst and form scabs.
Over-the-Counter Treatments:
- Antiviral creams or gels (e.g., aciclovir): Help combat the virus and promote healing, especially if used at the first sign of tingling or itching.
- Cold sore patches: Transparent patches that protect the blisters, reduce irritation, and ease discomfort.
- Anaesthetic creams: Provide relief from pain and itching after blisters develop.
Other Self-Care Tips:
- Use antiseptic mouthwash if brushing your teeth is painful.
- Take paracetamol or ibuprofen for pain relief.
- Stay hydrated by drinking plenty of water.
- Avoid salty or acidic foods that may irritate the sore.
- Refrain from touching your cold sore to prevent spreading the virus.
How can I prevent cold sores?
Preventing cold sores involves minimising exposure to the herpes simplex virus and reducing triggers that can cause outbreaks.
To Avoid Getting Cold Sores:
- Avoid kissing or close contact with someone who has an active cold sore.
- Steer clear of sexual activity with someone experiencing a genital herpes outbreak.
To Prevent Spreading Cold Sores:
- Wash your hands after touching the affected area, especially after applying creams.
- Don’t share items that touch your mouth, such as lip balm, cutlery, or towels.
When Should I See a Clinician?
Most cold sores heal without medical intervention, but you should speak to a clinician if:
Your cold sore lasts longer than 10 days or isn’t healing.
The cold sore is unusually large or painful.
You are pregnant or have a weakened immune system.
You experience swollen gums or painful sores inside your mouth.
For people who experience frequent or severe outbreaks, antiviral medication may be prescribed to suppress the virus and reduce flare-ups.
