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Chlamydia: What you need to know

Chlamydia is one of the most common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) in the UK. It’s caused by bacteria and is often easily treated with a short course of antibiotics. The tricky part is that chlamydia doesn’t always show symptoms, which means it can go unnoticed and potentially cause complications if left untreated. If you've had unprotected sex, it’s a good idea to get tested – even if you’re not experiencing any symptoms.

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How do you get chlamydia?

Chlamydia is spread through contact with semen or vaginal fluid. The infection can be passed on through unprotected vaginal, anal, or oral sex, and there’s also a risk when sharing sex toys.

It’s important to note that sex doesn’t need to be penetrative for chlamydia to spread. If your genitals come into contact with your partner’s, the bacteria can be transferred. In rare cases, you could also get a chlamydia infection in the eye if it comes into contact with infected fluids.

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Symptoms of Chlamydia

Around 70% of women and 50% of men who have chlamydia don’t experience any symptoms, which is why testing is so important. For those who do have symptoms, they may notice:

  • Painful urination
  • Unusual discharge from the penis or vagina

Women may also experience:

  • Abdominal or pelvic pain
  • Pain during sex
  • Irregular bleeding (e.g., bleeding between periods or after sex)

Men might feel:

  • Pain or swelling in the testicles
  • Itching or a burning sensation in the urethra
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Chlamydia testing

If you’re under 25 and sexually active, it’s recommended to get tested for chlamydia every year or whenever you change sexual partners.

Testing for chlamydia is quick, easy, and pain-free. It usually involves providing a urine sample or a swab from the affected area. You can access free testing through NHS GP surgeries and sexual health clinics. Alternatively, you can buy a postal test kit, take a sample at home, and send it to a lab for results.

Chlamydia treatment

Chlamydia can be easily treated with antibiotics, with a treatment success rate of around 95% when taken as prescribed. If you’re diagnosed, be sure to follow your healthcare provider’s instructions to ensure the treatment works effectively.

Taking action early is the key to avoiding complications and protecting your health. Remember, getting tested and treated is simple, confidential, and essential for your wellbeing.